Article Figures & Data
Tables
Suicide Attempts Characteristic All Participants 0 ≧1 Participants, n (%) 107 (100.0) 59 (55.1) 48 (44.9) Gender Men, n (%) 94 (87.9) 56 (59.6) 38 (40.4) Women, n (%) 13 (12.1) 3 (23.1) 10 (76.9)*a Age, mean (SD) 39.98 (14.2) 39.86 (14.2) 40.13 (14.3) Race, n (%) White 60 (56.1) 34 (56.7) 26 (43.3) Black 34 (32.8) 20 (58.8) 14 (41.2) Native American 8 (7.5) 5 (62.5) 3 (37.5) Asian 3 (2.8) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) Hispanic 2 (1.9) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) Not specified 8 (7.4) 3 (37.5) 5 (62.5) Marital status, n (%) Single 85 (79.4) 47 (55.3) 38 (44.7) Single & cohabitating 6 (5.6) 3 (50.0) 3 (50.0) Married 2 (1.9) 2 (100.0) 0 (0.0) Divorced 9 (8.4) 5 (55.6) 4 (44.4) Widowed 5 (4.7) 2 (40.0) 3 (60.0) Psychiatric disorder, n (%) Schizophrenia-spectrum 79 (73.8) 59 (74.7) 46 (58.2) Substance use 41 (38.3) 21 (51.2) 20 (48.8) Bipolar 22 (20.5) 11 (50.0) 11 (50.0) Anxiety 9 (8.41) 3 (33.3) 6 (66.7) Borderline personality 5 (4.67) 2 (40.0) 3 (60.0) Antisocial personality 5 (4.67) 1 (20.0) 4 (80.0) Depressive 1 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) Suicide attempts, mean (SD) 1.05 (2.06) 0 (0.0) 2.39 (2.55) - Table 2
Odds Ratio, Adjusted (AOR) for Sex and Age, for Association between Explanatory Variable, and Suicide Attempt Prevalence and Mean Number of Attempts among Those with at Least 1 Suicide Attempt
Suicide Attempt Prevalence (%) Mean Number of Suicide Attempts Explanatory Variable With Without Adjusted Odds Ratio With (n) Without (n) F Any ACE 71.7 28.3 1.455 2.64 (33) 1.77 (13) 4.056*a Parents separated/divorced 50.00 50.85 0.967 2.67 (24) 2.09 (22) 3.645 Household member-substance 35.59 45.83 1.531 2.95 (21) 1.92 (25) 4.283* Emotional abuse 37.5 32.2 1.009 3.29 (17) 1.86 (29) 14.539*** Physical abuse 37.29 31.25 2.035 2.86 (14) 2.19 (32) 2.947 Emotional neglect 32.20 37.50 1.263 3.61 (18) 1.61 (28) 28.520*** Household member-mental 23.73 29.17 1.324 3.15 (13) 2.09 (33) 2.033 Sexual abuse 22.03 20.83 1.198 3.80 (10) 2.00 (36) 20.132*** Physical neglect 20.83 16.95 1.289 4.00 (10) 1.94 (36) 18.081*** Witnessed domestic violence 18.75 16.95 1.131 2.67 (9) 2.32 (37) 1.523 Household member-prison 11.86 20.83 1.955 2.60 (10) 2.33 (36) 0.286 Any Trauma 89.58 83.05 1.755 2.51 (41) 1.40 (5) 2.214 Sudden death of loved one 62.5 55.9 1.212 2.28 (29) 2.59 (17) 0.892 Witnessed death/injury 35.42 34.59 1.186 2.88 (16) 2.13 (30) 1.575 Adult physical assault 29.17 37.39 1.259 2.79 (14) 2.22 (32) 0.770 Motor vehicle accident 33.33 33.90 1.047 3.13 (16) 2.00 (30) 6.888* Weapon attack 33.33 30.51 1.294 1.69 (16) 2.77 (30) 2.513 Childhood physical abuse 35.59 18.75 3.162* 3.44 (9) 2.14 (37) 11.716*** Childhood sexual abuse 27.08 20.34 1.075 3.00 (12) 2.18 (34) 4.978* Natural disaster 22.92 16.95 0.744 1.18 (11) 2.77 (35) 2.959 Adult sexual assault 25.00 13.56 1.052 2.91 (11) 2.23 (35) 2.335 Other severe accident 12.5 18.64 1.749 2.00 (6) 2.45 (40) 3.441 Military 4.17 5.08 2.738 1.00 (2) 2.45 (44) 1.525 Other 31.25 35.59 0.883 2.93 (15) 2.13 (31) 0.628 PTSD diagnosis 30.4 28.8 1.017 2.79 (14) 2.22 (32) 0.571 Intrusion 65.2 62.7 1.006 2.17 (30) 2.81 (16) 1.532 Intrusive memories 45.6 43.6 1.005 2.19 (31) 2.80 (15) 2.108 Nightmares 43.6 46.2 0.989 2.79 (24) 1.95 (22) 1.821 Flashbacks 48.3 40.8 1.783 2.43 (28) 2.33 (18) 0.272 Psychological reactivity 46.6 41.2 0.975 2.44 (34) 12 (2.25) 0.247 Physical reactivity 49.1 40.0 1.044 2.11 (27) 2.79 (19) 2.255 Avoidance 46.1 41.9 0.906 3.05 (20) 1.88 (26) 3.480 Internal avoidance 43.3 47.5 0.935 2.24 (29) 2.65 (17) 1.400 External avoidance 47.8 39.5 1.097 2.47 (32) 2.21 (14) 0.263 NACM 69.6 61.9 1.121* 2.34 (32) 2.50 (14) 0.072 Amnesia 51.8 37.3 1.191 2.66 (29) 1.94 (17) 1.242 Negative beliefs 50.0 39.3 1.211 2.45 (29) 2.29 (17) 0.009 Blame 44.9 44.7 1.065 2.37 (30) 2.44 (16) 0.045 Negative emotions 52.0 28.1 2.664** 2.63 (38) 1.25 (8) 4.383* Anhedonia 50.0 37.8 2.146* 2.07 (30) 3.00 (16) 2.713 Detachment 49.2 38.1 1.220 2.16 (31) 2.87 (15) 1.040 Emotional numbness 51.7 36.7 1.164 2.55 (29) 2.12 (17) 0.832 Arousal 49.2 47.8 1.026 3.05 (22) 1.79 (24) 14.491*** Irritability 47.2 42.6 0.990 2.52 (25) 2.24 (21) 1.549 Recklessness 48.9 41.9 1.027 2.33 (21) 2.44 (25) 0.119 Hypervigilant 48.5 38.5 1.061 2.41 (32) 2.36 (14) 0.057 Excessive startle 48.4 40.0 1.134 2.80 (30) 1.63 (16) 7.945** Inattention 46.4 42.1 1.189 2.72 (32) 1.64 (14) 3.972* Insomnia 45.3 44.2 1.092 2.28 (29) 2.59 (17) 0.440 Substance-related problems 72.9 63.0 1.786 2.86 (29) 1.59 (17) 6.984* Alcohol 28.3 42.4 0.867 3.46 (13) 1.97 (33) 15.525*** Stimulants 22.0 10.9 3.090 2.60 (5) 2.37 (41) 0.013 Opioids 16.9 10.9 1.090 1.80 (5) 2.46 (41) 1.691 Cannabinoids 44.1 37.0 1.201 2.59 (17) 2.28 (29) 0.543 Nicotine 47.9 42.6 1.626 2.90 (21) 1.96 (25) 2.670 Sedatives 25.9 46.5 0.223 2.43 (44) 1.50 (2) 1.778 Hallucinogens 35.7 46.2 0.364 3.00 (5) 2.24 (41) 1.005 Inhalants 57.1 44.0 1.567 2.90 (4) 2.45 (42) 0.531 Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. Suicide attempts 1 2. Age −0.016 1 3. Marital status 0.011 −0.117 1 4. Gender −0.106 −0.092 0.139 1 5. Race 0.004 0.386*a,b −0.122 0.188 1 6. Alcohol 0.266* −0.124 0.310*c 0.097 0.188 1 7. Arousal 0.113 −0.193 0.064 0.061 −0.027 0.138 1 8. NACM 0.037 0.042 −0.025 −0.023 0.088 −0.099 0.776*** 1 9. ACE score 0.331* −0.103 −0.146 −0.146 0.042 0.169 0.293* 0.199 1 10. Total traumas 0.073 −0.045 0.126 −0.126 0.049 0.017 0.229* 0.293 0.553*** 1 Mean 1.050 39.54 0.800 0.780 0.540 0.280 6.930 10.11 2.970 3.170 SD 1.296 14.24 0.401 0.417 0.504 0.455 5.587 6.631 2.615 2.308 ↵a Numbers in bold indicate significant correlation.
↵b Caucasian race significantly associated with higher age (P = .004).
↵c Alcohol-related problems significantly correlated with being single (P = .018).
* P < .05. *** P < .001.
Abbreviations: ACE = adverse childhood experience, NACM = negative alterations of cognitions and mood.
