Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Weighted distribution of aggression subtypes (A) by cannabis (C), alcohol, and other drug use disorders. CUD, cannabis use disorder; AUD, alcohol use disorder; DUD, drug use disorder(s); NSUD, no substance use disorder; CA, combined aggression; ODA, other-directed aggression; SDA, self-directed aggression; NA, non-aggressive.
Tables
Relevant questions in the survey 1. Was there a month or more when you spent a lot of your time getting or using the substance? 2. Was there a month or more when you spent a lot of your time getting over the effects of the substance you used? 3. Were you able to keep to the limits you set on substance use, or did you use more than you intended to? 4. Did you need to use more substance than you used to in order to get the effect you wanted? 5. Did you notice that using the same amount of substance had less effect on you than it used to? 6. Were you able to cut down or stop using the substance every time you wanted or tried to? 7. Did you continue to use the substance even though you thought this was causing you to have problems with your emotions, nerves, or mental health? 8. Did you continue to use the substance even though you thought this was causing you to have physical problems? 9. Did substance use cause you to give up or spend less time doing important activities? 10. Did you have one or more of these symptoms at the same time that lasted for longer than a day after you cut back or stopped using the substance? [the specific number and type of listed withdrawal symptoms varied by substance] 11. Did substance use cause you to have serious problems at home, work, or school? 12. Did you regularly use the substance and then do something where substance use might have put you in physical danger? 13. Did you have any problems with family or friends that were probably caused by substance use? 14. Did you continue to use the substance even though you thought this caused problems with family or friends? A diagnosis of CUD is positive if the respondent fulfilled two or more of the following criteria: • Yes answer to (1) OR (2). • No answer to (3). • Yes answer to (4) OR (5). • No answer to (6). • Yes answer to (7) OR (8). • Yes answer to (9). • Yes answer to (11). • Yes answer to (12). • Yes answers to (13) AND (14). CUD, Cannabis Use Disorder. We used the same approach to determine the presence of alcohol and other drug use disorders, which we used as control variables. A Yes answer to Question 10 was included as a potential criterion for alcohol use disorder and the following drug use disorders: pain relievers, heroin, cocaine, sedatives, and stimulants.
CUD (N = 14,027; PSE = 5,782,346; p = 2.5%) Characteristic P (SE) Age in years 18–25 55.0 (0.8) 26–49 37.4 (0.7) 50 or above 7.6 (0.7) Sex Male 68.6 (0.6) Female 31.4 (0.6) Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic White 61.4 (0.8) Non-Hispanic Black 18.3 (0.6) Hispanic 14.7 (0.6) Other 5.6 (0.3) Marital status Married 15.3 (0.7) Widowed 0.9 (0.2) Divorced or separated 9.3 (0.5) Never been married 74.5 (0.8) Household type Single-person 9.2 (0.5) Family 69.5 (0.8) Non-family 12.9 (0.5) Mixed 8.4 (0.4) Education level Less than high school 21.1 (0.6) High school graduate 34.9 (0.7) Some college 31.1 (0.6) College graduate 12.9 (0.5) Past year employment Continuous 43.6 (0.6) Intermittent 21.4 (0.6) Not in labor force 34.9 (0.8) Personal income level in USD Less than 10,000 46.2 (0.7) 10,000-29,999 37.0 (0.8) 30,000 or above 16.8 (0.8) Area of residence Large metro 57.7 (0.8) Small metro 29.8 (0.7) Non-metro 12.6 (0.5) Religiosity 49.5 (0.7) Past-year tobacco use 84.8 (0.6) AUD 39.7 (0.7) Other DUD 24.9 (0.6) Past-year psychiatric disorder 41.6 (0.7) Past-year mental health treatment 21.8 (0.5) Past-year substance use treatment Alcohol 3.9 (0.3) Drugs 5.3 (0.3) Juvenile alcohol use 85.7 (0.5) Juvenile cannabis use 80.8 (0.6) Juvenile other drug use 49.5 (0.7) CUD, cannabis use disorder; N, unweighted sample size; PSE, population size estimate; P, prevalence in percent; SE, standard error in percent; AUD, alcohol use disorder; DUD, drug use disorder(s).
- Table 3.
Odds Ratios from Multinomial Logistic Regression Analyses of Reporting Different Forms of Aggression on Cannabis Use Disorder
Cannabis use disorder (C) Reporting of aggression (A) SDA vs. NA ODA vs. NA CA vs. NA ODA vs. SDA Unadjusted model Best-fita model Unadjusted model Best-fita model Unadjusted model Best-fita model Unadjusted model Best-fita model OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) None (Reference) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Positive 5.08 (4.19–6.17) 1.10 (0.88–1.38) 9.57 (8.71–10.52) 1.42 (1.26–1.60) 20.77 (14.83–29.10) 2.11 (1.36–3.26) 1.88 (1.50–2.37) 1.29 (0.97–1.69) SDA, self-directed aggression; ODA, other-directed aggression; CA, combined aggression; NA, non-aggressive; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval. Values significantly different from “none” are in bold (p < 0.05).
↵a Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, survey year, marital status, education level, past-year employment, personal income level, religiosity, past-year tobacco use, past-year other drug use disorders, past-year psychiatric disorder, juvenile substance use, past-year mental health treatment and past-year substance use treatment.
- Table 4.
Odds Ratios from Multinomial Logistic Regression Analyses of Reporting Different Forms of Aggression on Cannabis Use Disorder among Individuals 18–25 Years Old
Cannabis use disorder (C) Reporting of aggression (A) SDA vs. NA ODA vs. NA ODA vs. SDA Unadjusted model Best-fita model Unadjusted model Best-fita model Unadjusted model Best-fita model Or (95%CI) aOR (95%CI) Or (95%CI) aOR (95%CI) Or (95%CI) aOR (95%CI) None (Reference) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Positive 2.74 (2.24–3.34) 1.07 (0.85–1.35) 3.88 (3.57–4.23) 1.38 (1.23–1.54) 1.42 (1.16–1.74) 1.29 (1.03–1.62) SDA, self-directed aggression; ODA, other-directed aggression; NA, non-aggressive; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval. Values significantly different from “none” are in bold (p < 0.05).
* The “Combined Aggression” category was omitted from the analysis due to low sample size.
↵a Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, survey year, marital status, education level, past-year employment, personal income level, religiosity, past-year tobacco use, past-year alcohol and other drug use disorders, past-year psychiatric disorder, juvenile substance use, past-year mental health treatment and past-year alcohol use treatment.
