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Research ArticleRegular Article

Impact of Medicaid, Race/Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice Referral on Opioid Use Disorder Treatment

Daniel Sledge, Herschel F. Thomas, Bai Linh Hoang and George Mohler
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online December 2022, 50 (4) 545-551; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29158/JAAPL.210137-21
Daniel Sledge
Dr. Sledge is Associate Professor and Dr. Hoang is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Texas, Arlington, TX. Dr. Thomas is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. Dr. Mohler is the Daniel J. Fitzgerald Professor, Department of Computer Science, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
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Herschel F. Thomas
Dr. Sledge is Associate Professor and Dr. Hoang is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Texas, Arlington, TX. Dr. Thomas is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. Dr. Mohler is the Daniel J. Fitzgerald Professor, Department of Computer Science, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
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Bai Linh Hoang
Dr. Sledge is Associate Professor and Dr. Hoang is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Texas, Arlington, TX. Dr. Thomas is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. Dr. Mohler is the Daniel J. Fitzgerald Professor, Department of Computer Science, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
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George Mohler
Dr. Sledge is Associate Professor and Dr. Hoang is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Texas, Arlington, TX. Dr. Thomas is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. Dr. Mohler is the Daniel J. Fitzgerald Professor, Department of Computer Science, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
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    Figure 1.

    Partial dependence plot of logistic regression predicted probability of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) versus race/ethnicity disaggregated by Medicaid expansion and criminal justice referral.

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    Table 1

    Adjusted Odds Ratios of Medicaid Expansion, Criminal Justice Referral, Expansion, Race/Ethnicity Interaction, and Criminal Justice Referral Variables from Logistic Regression

    VariableAdjusted odds ratioCI (2.5%)CI (97.5%)
    Medicaid expansion (No)1.000––
    Medicaid expansion (Yes)3.0142.9873.043
    Expansion:non-Hispanic White1.000––
    Expansion: Native American/Alaskan0.7300.6850.778
    Expansion: Asian0.5700.5230.620
    Expansion: Black0.8350.8170.853
    Expansion: Hispanic0.7000.6860.714
    Expansion: Other/multiple0.7820.7490.817
    Criminal justice referral (No)1.000––
    Criminal justice referral (Yes)0.1260.1230.129
    Criminal justice referral: Non-Hispanic White1.000––
    Criminal justice referral: Native American/Alaskan0.8680.7720.977
    Criminal justice referral: Asian0.4730.3890.575
    Criminal justice referral: Black0.6440.6130.677
    Criminal justice referral: Hispanic0.5590.5370.583
    Criminal justice referral: Other/multiple0.6030.5410.671
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    Table 2

    Partial Dependence of Logistic Regression Predicted Probability of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) versus Medicaid Expansion and Interaction of Expansion and Race/Ethnicity

    VariableExpansion = No [95% CI]Expansion = Yes [95% CI]
    P(MAT|Expansion)0.263 [0.263,0.263]0.465 [0.465,0.465]
    P(MAT|Expansion,Non-Hispanic White)0.229 [0.228,0.229]0.443 [0.442,0.443]
    P(MAT|Expansion,Native.Amer.)0.273 [0.269,0.277]0.431 [0.427,0.435]
    P(MAT|Expansion,Asian)0.354 [0.348,0.360]0.464 [0.459,0.470]
    P(MAT|Expansion,Black)0.343 [0.342,0.345]0.538 [0.536,0.539]
    P(MAT|Expansion,Hispanic)0.374 [0.373,0.375]0.530 [0.529,0.531]
    P(MAT|Expansion,Other/Multiple)0.278 [0.276,0.280]0.451 [0.448,0.453]
    • View popup
    Table 3

    Partial Dependence of Logistic Regression Predicted Probability of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) versus Medicaid Expansion and Criminal Justice Referral (CJ Ref.) Variable

    VariableExpansion = No [95% CI]Expansion = Yes [95% CI]
    P(MAT|Not CJ Ref.)0.307 [0.306,0.307]0.528 [0.528,0.529]
    P(MAT|CJ Ref.)0.046 [0.045,0.046]0.147 [0.146,0.148]
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Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online: 50 (4)
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
Vol. 50, Issue 4
1 Dec 2022
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Impact of Medicaid, Race/Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice Referral on Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Daniel Sledge, Herschel F. Thomas, Bai Linh Hoang, George Mohler
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Dec 2022, 50 (4) 545-551; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.210137-21

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Impact of Medicaid, Race/Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice Referral on Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Daniel Sledge, Herschel F. Thomas, Bai Linh Hoang, George Mohler
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online Dec 2022, 50 (4) 545-551; DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.210137-21
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